Investigation of pathogens for biological control of parthenium parthenium hysterophorus l in ethiopia. Higher expression of stressresponsive proteome contributes for greater defence against abiotic stresses. High competitive success rate and adaptability of the species enable it to dominate diverse types of habitats. The comparison of two applied methods shows that soxhlet extraction is an efficient method by which solute of limited solubility can be extracted with higher efficiencies. Ragweed parthenium parthenium hysterophorus control with preemergence. There are less data available on the abundance of parthe nium hysterophorus in meerut district due to less research, but there are plenty of parthenium found grown in the bare areas, railway platforms and in agriculture lands. These seeds are dispersed by wind, water, animals, vehicles, machinery particularly on harvesters and bulldozers and in clothing. Hosted by the usgs core science analytics and synthesis. It squeezes grasslands and pastures, reducing the fodder supply. Effects and management of parthenium hysterophorus. In a corn study, a blend of sorghum and moringa moringa oleifera lam. Weeds of national significance parthenium weed parthenium. Drought and salinity induced changes in ecophysiology and.
This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. It is a weed of national significance in australia. Heliantheae, is an erect and much branched annual or ephermeral herb, known. Effect of parthenium hysterophorus ash on growth and biomass. It is regarded as one of the worst weeds in australia because of its invasiveness, potential. Allelopathic effects of invasive weed parthenium parthenium hysterophorus l. The asiapacific forest invasive species network apfisn has been established as a response to the immense costs and dangers posed by invasive species to the sustainable management of forests in the asiapacific region. An annual exotic alien weed, currently considered one of the seven most dreaded weeds of the world. Parthenium weed parthenium hysterophorus isa major pest plant in queensland with the potential to spread to all medium rainfall rangelands and summer cropping areas. Common names include santamaria, santa maria feverfew, whitetop weed, and famine weed. Biological control of invasive weed parthenium hysterophorus in east africa dissemination of knowledge and information has led to environmental safety awareness, reduced malnutrition especially among women and children, and higher economic benefits as a result of reduced pesticide applications. Taye t, gossmann m, einhorn g, buttner c, metz r, abate d, 2002. Current and potential geographical distribution of the invasive plant parthenium hysterophorus asteraceae in eastern and southern africa.
Parthenium hysterophorus is a species of flowering plant in the aster family, asteraceae. Asteraceae parthenium, has been a major weed of global significance for several decades, with wideranging impacts on agriculture, biodiversity conservation, and human and animal health. Parthenium hysterophorus the asiapacific forest invasive species network apfisn has been established as a response to the immense costs and dangers posed by invasive species to the sustainable management of forests in the asiapacific region. Individual pustules often merged over time with rust infection being more. It will readily colonise disturbed, bare areas along roadsides and heavily stocked areas around yards and watering points. Review article effects and management of parthenium.
Parthenium pdf parthenium weed is a weed of national. Fifteen milliliters distilled water was used in petri dishes as a control. Replicated plant growth trials were conducted using four levels of parthenium vermicompost 0, 2. Effect of parthenium hysterophorus ash on growth and. Aug 07, 2015 this lecture talks about awareness on parthenium hysterophorus. If you suspect a plant could be parthenium weed, note its location and report it to nsw dpi or your local council weeds officer for positive. It was first reported in india in 1810 in arunachal pradesh gnanavel, 20. Extraction of parthenin from parthenium hysterophorus. Local name of parthenium hysterophorus is carrot grass, congress grass, gajar ghas etc. Sl5 7ta, uk abstract the neotropical composite, parthenium hysterophorus, has achieved major weed status in india and australia within the past few decades.
Apr 27, 2011 parthenium hysterophorus is an aggressive ubiquitous annual herbaceous weed with no economic importance unravelled till now. Flowers are small and whitish with tiny ray florets at each of the five distinct corners. Parthenium weed is a restricted invasive plant under the biosecurity act 2014 it must not be given away, sold, or released into the environment without a permit. Parthenium hysterophorus asteraceae is an annual plant or shortlived perennial under. Its presence reduces the reliability of improved pasture. Parthenium can also colonise brigalow, gidgee and softwood scrub soils. Your use of this pdf, the bioone web site, and all posted and associated content indicates. The ability of its seeds phytochemical constituents.
Asteraceae is a herbaceous annual of asteraceae family. The present study utilizes comparative physiological and proteomic. Parthenium hysterophorus played role as alternate host for crop pests functioning as an inoculum source. More than 340 million parthenium weed seeds per hectare can be present in the surface soil, compared to 120,000 native grass seeds. Rasul department of agronomy, university of agriculture, faisalabadpakistan corresponding author email. Parthenium hysterophorus invasive species south africa. It has become a major weed of grazing lands in central queensland and new south wales in australia. Parthenium hysterophorus invasion causes changes in aboveground. Parthenium hysterophorus an overview sciencedirect topics. Manual uprooting of parthenium has proven to be effective in reducing the weeds population and its. Media in category parthenium hysterophorus the following 47 files are in this category, out of 47 total.
Parthenium hysterophorus is a serious invasive weed of pasture systems, reducing pasture productivity 90% evans 1997. It is believed to have been introduced into india and australia from north america and in the last few years the weed has emerged as the seventh most. Pdf effects and management of parthenium hysterophorus. Mar 24, 2014 congress grass, parthenium hysterophorus l. Plant has been used as folk remedy for the treatment of infectious and degenerative diseases 1719. Choosing sdm through combining information from standard metrics and biological insight. Parthenium hysterophorus is a plant that tolerates drought and salinity to an extremely high degree. Asteraceae is an invasive weed thought to be native to the. Parthenium hysterophorus is presumed to have entered india along with food grains imported from the usa vartak, 1968. Asteraceae, threat an annual asteraceous herb, is native to central and south. Multiple resistance to synthetic auxin herbicides and. Parthenium hysterophorus is an annual herb that aggressively colonizes.
Parthenium is a genus of north american shrubs in the sunflower tribe within the daisy family the name parthenium is derived from either the greek word parthenos, meaning virgin, or parthenion, an ancient name for a plant parthenium or gajar ghans is the most common invasive species in india. Pdf global modeling of invasive parthenium hysterophorus. As it matures, the plant develops many branches in its top half and may eventually reach a height of 2 m. Parthenium is a genus of north american shrubs in the sunflower tribe within the daisy family the name parthenium is derived from either the greek word parthenos, meaning virgin, or parthenion, an ancient name for a plant. Parthenium weed can produce large quantities of seed, up to 100,000 per plant. This lecture talks about awareness on parthenium hysterophorus. Infestation in western oromiya, ethiopia tarekegn fite 1, hirpa legesse2 and alembrihan marga 1department of entomology, ethiopia 2department of plant science, ethiopia submission. Asteraceae in south africa initiation of biological. Parthenium hysterophorus is an annual herb that aggressively colonises disturbed sites. Infestation in western oromiya, ethiopia tarekegn fite 1, hirpa legesse2 and alembrihan marga 1department of entomology, ethiopia. Antibacterial potential in parthenium hysterophorus, stevia rebaudiana and ginkgo biloba. It is considered as one of the 100 most invasive species in the world by the iucn. The international union for conservation of nature iucn considers it to be one of the. Medicinal uses of carrot grass parthenium hysterophorus.
Ramachandran a department of agronomy, college of agricultural technology, india. Asteraceae parthenium is a serious problem in several tropical and subtropical areas around the world and particularly an emerging problem in southern africa. Native to the new world, it has been accidentally introduced into several countries and has become a serious agricultural and rangeland weed in parts of australia, asia, africa and. Mar 31, 2020 description of carrot grass parthenium hysterophorus gajar ghas. Uromycesrumicis gastrophysaviridula plantpathogen beetle usa usa tribulusterrestris. Various weed control strategies are being used globally to reduce its population to. Parthenium hysterophorus is an invasive plant, which was originated in americas. A probable source of anticancer, antioxidant and antihiv agents shashank kumar, 1 gousia chashoo, 2 ajit k. This erect, ephemeral herb known for its vigorous growth and high fecundity especially in warmer climates is a native of northeast mexico and is endemic in america. Its leaves are pale green, deeply lobed and covered with fine soft hairs. Parthenium weed parthenium hysterophorus reproduces by large numbers of seed. Native to mexico, central and south america, parthenium hysterophorus was accidentally introduced into several countries including australia, india, taiwan and ethiopia. Parthenium hysterophorus santa maria feverfew this plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below.
In india, it is locally known as carrot grass, congress grass or gajar ghans. The annual herbaceous plant, parthenium hysterophorus l. In some areas it has become an extremely serious agricultural and rangeland weed. Parthenium parthenium hysterophorus department of agriculture and fisheries biosecurity queensland restricted invasive plant. Utility potential of parthenium hysterophorus for its. Asteraceae, a weed, also known as congress grass is an annual herb. In some places, especially in old world, parthenium hysterophorus causes serious contact dermatitis in humans. The act requires everyone to take all reasonable and practical steps to minimise the risks associated with invasive plants and animals under their control. This erect, ephemeral herb known for its vigorous growth and high fecundity especially in warmer climates is a. Malarkodi e and manoharan a department of plant biology and plant biotechnology, the presidency college, autonomous.
A probable source of anticancer, antioxidant and antihiv agents. Toxicology, phytochemistry, bioactive compounds and. Seemingly, the extraction of parthenin from parthenium hysterophorus is a very complicated process. Parthenium hysterophorus leaf was collected from vellore, tamil nadu, india in the form of dry sample. Reviewarticle effects and management of parthenium hysterophorus. The infected area or spots expand and multiple pustules merge over time. Parthenium hysterophorus is an aggressive ubiquitous annual herbaceous weed with no economic importance unravelled till now. Detoxification of parthenium parthenium hysterophorus. The seed is easily spread by vehicles, machinery and animals, and in pasture seed, stock feed and water. Uredinia occur in groups on leaves commonly on the underside, but not always, on stems, flowers and fruit.
Pdf the direct negative effects of invasive plant species on agriculture and biodiversity are well known, but their indirect effects on human. The institute of food and agricultural sciences ifas is an equal opportunity institution authorized to provide research, educational information and other services only to individuals and institutions that function with nondiscrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. Parthenium weed, parthenium hysterophorus, is also known by a large number of other common names including false ragweed, star weed, carrot weed and bastard feverfew depending on the country infested. Distribution and spread of parthenium weed parthenium hysterophorus l. It is an annual or shortlived ephemeral herb, growing to two metres. Pdf the invasive american weed parthenium hysterophorus can. A weed of global significance manpreetkaur,neerajkumaraggarwal,vikaskumar,andromikadhiman kurukshetrauniversity,kurukshetra,haryana6119,india. They are sometimes also spread in mud and contaminated agricultural produce e. Page designed through the cooperative efforts of interagency itis teams. Vermicompost of the toxic and allelopathic weed parthenium parthenium hysterophorus was explored for its possible use as an organic fertilizer. The potential of pathogens as biological control of parthenium weed parthenium hysterophorus l. Parthenium hysterophorus plant causes milk disease in. Pest risk analysis for parthenium hysterophorus eppo global.
Plants profile for parthenium hysterophorus santa maria. This weed has been reported to serve as a reservoir plant of scarab beetle, a pest of sun. Department of biotechnology and genetic engineering, islamic university, kushtia7003, bangladesh email. Heliantheae, is an erect and much branched annual or ephermeral herb, known for its notorious role as environmental, medical, and agricultural hazards. Harmful and beneficial aspects of parthenium hysterophorus. The aim of the study was to find the effect of parthenium hysterophorus ash on germination, plumule. Parthenium department of agriculture and fisheries.
Despite this, in 2003, south africa became the first african country and only the third country. Parthenium hysterophorus in the plant list version 1. Parthenium hysterophorus in flora of north america. Cuba y otres antilles, segun suramerica dende venezuela hasta arxentina y uruguai. Parthenium parthenium hysterophorus l parthenium, famine weed, demoina weed, or umbulalazwe is an annual herbaceous plant i that can reach up to 2 m in height, but usually averages about 1. Allelopathic effects of aqueous leaf extracts of datura metel l. Distribution and spread of parthenium weed parthenium. The study was aimed to investigate which orthologues of parthenium hysterophorus genes might encode the p20 protein. Labor and energyintensive manual methods, mechanical, cultural, and chemical. Purification and identification of 20kda protein from.
Pdf antibacterial potential in parthenium hysterophorus. Its adaptability to a wide range of habitats, droughttolerance, ability to release toxic chemicals against other plants allelopathy, rapid growthrate, and prolific. Samples incubated at 80c also reduced precipitation time of protein to two hours. Parthenium weed parthenium hysterophorus flowering seed formation seed drop plant death germination jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec general growth pattern growth pattern under suitable conditions 2 weed management guide parthenium weed parthenium hysterophorus parthenium weed can germinate, grow, mature and set seed. Pdf backgroundquestionmethods parthenium weed parthenium. Parthenium hysterophorus is a noxious weed in america, asia, africa and australia. Polyethylene glycol fractionation of parthenium hysterophorus leaf proteins has shown detection of lowabundance proteins. Ragweed parthenium, false ragweed, santa maria parthenium hysterophorus l.
Parthenium hysterophorus, a native plant of tropical and subtropical south and north america, has spread to east africa, where it is invasive and threatens food security, biodiversity, and human and animal health. It was later identified and described by rao 1956 in pune formally poona, in the maharashtra district. Parthenium hysterophorus a noxious weed has attained a global significance and is a major weed in all states of india and other parts of the world. This weed is considered to be a cause of allergic respiratory problems, contact dermatitis, mutagenicity in. The potential for a permanent population of parthenium weed establishing in nsw is greater on private property than on roadsides due to the difficulty in finding new outbreaks at an early stage. Phytochemicals and antibacterial screening of parthenium hysterophorus bhagyashree deshpande a1, devyani sharma b and bhawana pandey c abschool of biological sciences and chemical sciences, mats university, raipur cdepartment of biotechnology and microbiology, bhilai mahila mahavidyalaya, bhilai nagar, chhattisgarh, india abstract. Parthenium hysterophorus is a weed that is widely distributed in africa, asia, and oceania and is native to tropical america. Allelopathic effects of aqueous leaf extracts of datura. It has a longitudinally grooved stem, and the stems and leaves are covered in short hairs. Dominican farmers have started to apply synthetic auxin herbicides sahs as the main alternative to mitigate the impacts of the occurrence of glyphosateresistant gr parthenium hysterophorus populations in citrus orchards.
Evans international institute of biological control, silwood park, ascot, berks. Harvesting changes the species composition of parthenium. It is a common invasive species in india, australia, and parts of africa. Current and potential geographical distribution of the. Parthenium is a vigorous species that colonises weak pastures with sparse ground cover. From its origins in the americas, it has spread to many parts of the world including australia, china and vietnam, india, nepal and southern africa navie et al. For example, in cuba, it is considered as one of the most noxious species 1,2. It is suspected to have sneaked into india along with wheat imported from the usa under pl480 scheme some time in early fifties. Leafeatingbettle, stemgallinginsect, stemgallinginsect mexico australia australia rumexspp. Toxicology, phytochemistry, bioactive compounds and pharmacology of parthenium hysterophorus dipankar chandra roy1, md.
1559 1031 768 321 1544 339 268 719 1376 769 1484 673 942 1425 1392 497 1158 1169 735 1245 687 787 1158 906 1468 1244 1235 1251 1494 649 20 150 596 353